Primary Documents - U.S. Peace Treaty with Hungary, 29 August 1921
Reproduced below is the
text of the U.S. peace treaty with Hungary, signed on 29 August 1921.
In the wake of the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire the U.S. sought separate peace treaties with Austria and Hungary, the former being signed five days earlier.
Considering that the United States, acting in conjunction with its co-belligerents, entered into an Armistice with Austria-Hungary on November 3, 1918, in order that a Treaty of Peace might be concluded:
Considering that the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy ceased to exist and was replaced in Hungary by a national Hungarian Government;
Considering that the Treaty of Trianon to which Hungary is a party was signed on June 4, 1920, and came into force according to the terms of its Article 364, but has not been ratified by the United States;
Considering that the Congress of the United States passed a Joint Resolution, approved by the President July 2, 1921, which reads in part as follows:
"Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled:
"That the state of war declared to exist between the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government and the United States of America by the joint resolution of Congress approved December 7, 1917, is hereby declared at an end.
"SEC. 4. That in making this declaration, and as a part of it, there are expressly reserved so the United States of America and its nationals any and all rights, privileges, indemnities, reparations or advantages, together with the right to enforce the same, to which it or they have become entitled under the terms of the armistice signed November 3, 1918, or any extensions or modifications thereof; or which were acquired by or are in the possession of the United States of America by reason of its participation in the war or to which its nationals have thereby become rightfully entitled- or which, under the Treaty of Saint Germain-en-Laye or the Treaty of Trianon, have been stipulated for its or their benefit; or to which it is entitled as one of the principal Allied and Associated powers; or to which it is entitled by virtue of any Act or Acts or Congress; or otherwise.
"SEC. 5. All property of the Imperial German Government or its successor or successors, and of all German nationals which was, on April 6, 1917, in or has since that date come into the possession or under control of, or has been the subject of a demand by the United States of America or any of its officers, agents, or employees, from any source or by any agency whatsoever, and all property of the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government, or its successor or successors, and of all Austro-Hungarian nationals which was on December 7, 1917, in or has since that date come into the possession or under control of, or has been the subject of a demand by the United States of America or any of its officers, agents, or employees, from any source or by any agency whatsoever, shall be retained by the United States of America and no disposition thereof made, except as shall have been heretofore or specifically hereafter shall be provided by law until such time as the Imperial German Government and the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government, or their successor or successors, shall have respectively made suitable provision for the satisfaction of all claims against said Governments respectively, of all persons, wheresoever domiciled, who owe permanent allegiance to the United States of America and who have suffered, through the acts of the Imperial German Government, or its agents, or the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government, or its agents, since July 31, 1914 loss, damage, or injury to their persons or property, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of shares of stock in German, Austro-Hungarian, American, or other corporations, or in consequence of hostilities or of any operations of war, or otherwise, and also shall have granted to persons owing permanent allegiance to the United States of America most-favored-nation treatment, whether the same be national or otherwise, in all matters affecting residence, business, profession, trade, navigation commerce and industrial property rights, and until the Imperial German Government and the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government, or their successor or successors, shall have respectively confirmed to the United States of America all fines forfeitures, penalties, and seizures imposed or made by the United States of America during the war, whether in respect to the property of the Imperial German Government or German nationals or the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government or Austro-Hungarian nationals, and shall have waived any and all pecuniary claims against the United States of America."
Being desirous of establishing securely friendly relations between the two nations;
Have for that purpose appointed their plenipotentiaries:
The President of the United States of America, U. GRANT-SMITH, Commissioner of the United States to Hungary; and Hungary, COUNT NICHOLAS BANFFY, Royal Hungarian Minister for Foreign Affairs;
Who, having communicated their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed as follows:
Article I
Hungary undertakes to accord to the United States, and the United States shall have and enjoy, all the rights, privileges, indemnities, reparations or advantages specified in the aforesaid Joint Resolution of the Congress of the United States of July 2, 1921, including all the rights and advantages stipulated for the benefit of the United States in the Treaty of Trianon which the United States shall fully enjoy notwithstanding the fact that such Treaty has not been ratified by the United States. The United States, in availing itself of the rights and advantages stipulated in the provisions of that Treaty, will do so in a manner consistent with the rights accorded to Hungary under such provisions.
Article II
With a view to defining more particularly the obligations of Hungary under the foregoing Article with respect to certain provisions in the Treaty of Trianon, it is understood and agreed between the High Contracting Parties:
One
That the rights and advantages stipulated in that Treaty for the benefit of the United States, which it is intended the United States shall have and enjoy, are those defined in Parts V, VI, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII and XIV.
Two
That the United States shall not be bound by the provisions of Part I of that Treaty, nor by any provisions of that Treaty including those mentioned in paragraph (l) of this Article, which relate to the Covenant of the League of Nations, nor shall the United States be bound by any action taken by the League of Nations, or by the Council or by the Assembly thereof, unless the United States shall expressly give its assent to such action.
Three
That the United States assumes no obligations under or with respect to the provisions of Part II, Part 111, Part IV and Part XIII of that Treaty.
Four
That, while the United States is privileged to participate in the Reparation Commission, according to the terms of Part VIII of that Treaty, and in any other commission established under the Treaty or under any agreement supplemental thereto.
Five
That the periods of time to which reference is made in Article 364 of the Treaty of Trianon shall run, with respect to any act or election on the part of the United States, from the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty.
Article III
The present Treaty shall be ratified in accordance with the constitutional forms of the High Contracting Parties and shall take effect immediately on the exchange of ratifications which shall take place as soon as possible at Budapest.
IN WITNESS THEREOF, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty and have hereunto affixed their seals.
Done in duplicate in Budapest, this twenty-ninth day of August, 1921.
[SEAL.] U. GRANT-SMITH,
Commissioner of the United States to Hungary
[SEAL.] COUNT NICHOLAS BANFFY,
Royal Hungarian Minister for Foreign Affairs
At the Battle of Sarikamish the Turks suffered a disastrously high 81% casualty rate.
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